Early Greek thinkers 680-400 BCE (list)

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Where possible, the name of each philosopher has been linked to their Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry, and their number in Diels-Kranz, "Fragmente der Vorsokratiker" (DK n) given.

No effort has been made to list poets, historians, medical writers, etc. comprehensively. This is primarily a list of philosophers and thinkers who shared significant interests with them.

Early poets and poems (680-early 6th century)
(following Martin West, "Towards a chronology of early Greek epic")
Hesiod, active c. 680-660
Hymn to Dionysus, written before the Iliad
Iliad, written sometime between 670-640
Hymn to Aphrodite, written before the Odyssey
Odyssey, written 4th quarter 7th century
Doloneia, written 4th quarter 7th century
(Pseudo-)Aristeas, author of the Arimaspeia, perhaps active 7th century
Sappho, active late 7th/early 6th century
Alcman, active late 7th/early 6th century

(Pseudo-)Lycurgus of Sparta, legislator, active around c. 650
Draco of Athens, legislator, purportedly active 620
Solon of Athens, legislator and poet, active around 600

Milesian philosophers (600-530)
Thales (DK 11), lived c. 624-546
Anaximander (DK 12), lived c. 610-546
Anaximenes (DK 13), lived c. 585-528

Pherecydes of Syros (DK 7), mythographer, lived 6th century

→ Pythagoreans (540-300 BCE)
Pythagoras (DK 14), lived c. 570-495

Theagenes of Rhegium (DK 8), literary critic, lived 6th century

Theognis of Megara, poet, active mid-6th century
Eumelus of Corinth, poet, active around 550
(Pseudo-)Hesiod, author of the poem Catalogue of Women, active around 540
Acusilaus (DK 9), historian, active 2nd half 6th century
Xenophanes (DK 21), philosopher poet, lived c. 570-475
Hecataeus, historian, lived c. 550-476
Orphica attributed to the → Pythagoreans Cecrops and Brontinus, written roughly around 510
Heraclitus (DK 22), philosopher, lived c. 535-475
Epicharmus of Cos (DK 23), poet, lived c. 540-450
Aeschylus, tragedian, lived c. 525-455
Pindar, poet, born c. 520, died after 446
Alcmaeon of Croton (DK 24), philosopher and medical writer, active sometime between 500-450

Eleatic philosophers (5th century)
Parmenides (DK 28), active around 490
Zeno (DK 29), lived c. 490-430
Melissus (DK 30), active in the 5th century

Anaxagorean philosophers (5th century)
Anaxagoras (DK 59), lived c. 510-428
Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the Elder) (DK 61)
Archelaus of Athens (DK 60), active around 450

Sophocles, tragedian, lived c. 497-406

Empedocles (DK 31), philosopher poet, lived c. 490-430

Hellanicus of Lesbos, historian, lived c. 490-405

Ion of Chios (DK 36), lived c. 485-420

Hippo, philosopher, lived 5th century

Idaeus of Himera (DK 63), philosopher, lived probably 5th century

Thrasyalces of Thasos (DK 35), lived probably 5th century

→ Sophists (460-340 BCE)
→ [under constr.] Atomists and Skeptics (450 BCE - 250 CE)
→ [under constr.] Socratic philosophers (450 BCE - 500 CE)

Herodotus of Halicarnassus, historian, lived c. 484-425

Euripides, tragedian, lived c. 480-406

Pherecydes of Athens, historian, active around 450

Oenopides of Chios (DK 41), astronomer and mathematician, active around 450

Pseudo-Epimenides, author of theogonic Oracles, active roughly around 430

Diogenes of Apollonia (DK 64), philosopher, active around 425
Thucydides of Athens, historian, lived c. 460-400
Agathon, tragedian, lived c. 455-401
Derveni Theogony, epic poem, written roughly around 400
Orphic Theogony recorded by Eudemus, epic poem, written roughly around 400
Herodorus of Heraclea, mythographer, active from around 400